Faculty of Commerce, Human Sciences and Education

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Features and constrains of distance education at UNAM
(1994) Keyter, Charles
Course development and practical sessions on the distance education mode. Paper presented at a workshop.
(1999) Keyter, Charles
The paper addresses the topic of distance education in general and how practical sessions could be incorporated and implemented as part of a course on the distance education mode.
Curriculum development and the approach to course contents. A paper delivered at a workshop/seminar held at Israel Patrick Iyambo College, Namibian Poilice, 22 July 1999.
(1999) Koroma, S. J.
Oil and economic growth: An econometric analysis.
(Bethany Books, 2001) Ogbokor, Cyril A.
The study focuses specifically on the effect of oil exports, non-oil exports and foreign capital inflow on Nigeria‟s economic growth performance. Using the OLSQ regression technique, we generated the relationship between the variables identified above. Relying on selected macroeconomic data for the period 1980 – 2000, the results of the study provides empirical evidence to reinforce the claim that oil exports have contributed more significantly to the growth of the Nigerian economy vis-à-vis other variables that were analysed. The paper recommends, as part of Nigeria‟s strategy for achieving rapid and sustainable economic „miracle‟ the aggressive pursuit of an export-led industrialisation policy
Beyond values – is Namibia moving away from the legal positivism of parliamentary sovereignty?
(RULCI-Colloquium, 2001-08) Schulz, Stefan
How to make sense of fundamental rights and freedoms in light of constitutional conceptions deriving from political philosophy, namely justice and human dignity? The author addresses the recent judgement of the Namibian Supreme Court Chairperson of the Immigration Selection Board v Frank and Another and asks whether the court's conception of values is compatible with Constitutional Supremacy. Borrowing from Alexy’s Theory of Fundamental Rights, the term value is given another meaning: Values are understood as optimization directives, as principles posited by the constituent assembly, purposively and functionally related to Kant's supreme moral principle; the categorical imperative. Justice is then understood as a feature of society, which is the natural environment of man, it shall signify a society where the individual is taken seriously. Special Fundamental Rights and Freedoms are viewed, as subjective rights emanating from a general freedom right. It is suggested, that the construction of their meanings has to consider that in the negotiation process towards (generic) constitutional provisions for authorizing law citizens live by, truth and justice could only be revealed approximately. The maxim 'in dubio pro libertate', therefore has to be observed when balancing colliding principles - to an extent which is tenable in Light of the social order challenge.
Investigating sources of economic growth by regression methods.
(Bethany Books, 2002) Ogbokor, Cyril A.
Impacts of selected macroeconomic variables on the economy of Angola were analysed in this study. Using a combination of simple and multiple regression models, we established the effect of these macroeconomic variables on the economic performance of Angola. Utilising time series data for the period 1978 – 2000, the results of the study indicate that exports undeniably play a critical role in the growth of the Angolan economy. In addition to other policy options, that were put forward, the paper recommends an outward looking industrialisation strategy for the economy of Angola.
Tax and the entrepreneur in Africa: A legal case study of the Zambian situation.
(Technikon, Pretoria & NUST, 2002) Maliti, Paul
The main purpose of taxation is to raise adequate funds to finance government programs. The other purpose is to redistribute wealtn ariiongine Citizenry. Government effort in meeting the two objectives is frustrated by limited tax base, exacerbated by tax evasion especially by the self-employed, that is, the informal sector. The businessman views tax as unnecessary burden and tries hard to either reduce or avoid the tax liability. This leads to overzealous tax officers taking drastc measuures, such as garnishment and/or issue of warrant of distress, against presumed delinquent taxpayers). It is also sometimes believed that the Party that is in power will use State machinery, such as the tax authority, to destroy the businesses run by members of the Opposition. This is manifested by the collapse of once flourishing businesses run by politicians who are now in the opposition camp and the sudden success of once fragile businesses which were run by those now in the ruling political party. Furthermore, no member of the ruling party is ever in trouble with the tax authorities, until when that party loses the general elections. This paper looks at some of the recent court cases in Zambia, brought about by both the taxpayers and the tax authority. It examines whether there is respite for small and big entrepreneurs who may feel that the government of the day is out to destroy their businesses. It disproves some of the accusations of political annihilation by confirming that the aggrieved party, be it the taxpayer or the tax authority, has an opportunity to seek andfind redress in the courts of law.
Learning orientations of students in an African developing country: Implications for knowledge transfer.
(Technikon, Pretoria & NUST, 2002) Ras, P. J.; Olivier, Neavera; Tjivikua, Tjama; Grundling, J. P.
This case study investigated the impact of two principle learning orientations of students (grading orientation vs. learning orientation ) In order to evaluate their readiness to make a contribution to address the ever-increasing demands of society. The study revealed that students are aware that a learning orientation is preferred, and that their study behaviour is indeed learning oriented.
Identification and screening of entrepreneurial skills in education.
(Technikon, Pretoria & NUST, 2002) Wambui, Lydiah
Entrepreneurship education should encourage students to look for creative and innovative ideas that may provide multiple solutions to problems, and develop their capacity to think independently. Education should provide an opportunity for students to learn, explore and implement ideas. One should not be punished for creative and innovative thinking (out of the mold). One should not be punished because his/ her idea was not successful but rather encouraged to continue in the search for new ideas. This will encourage learners to acquire knowledge, experience and willingness to examine problems in new ways.
Institutional open and distance learning collaboration in Namibia.
(Staff and Educational Development International., 2002) Keyter, Charles
Social and economic development depends to a large extent on applicable knowledge, skills and attitudes. In this regard the Government of Namibia has given the highest priority to education in the national budget of the country since Independence in 1990. Due to the fact that not all learning can be provided through formal education on campus, at schools, colleges and institutions of higher education, open and distance learning have become a viable alternative. In recent years Namibia has seen a rapid expansion of open and distance learning, which provides many thousands of Namibians the opportunity to study part-time to improve their qualifications. However, in order to provide an effective and efficient service to the open and distance learning students in Namibia, the four publicly-funded institutions involved in open and distance learning activities embarked on a mission to collaborate. The result of this collaborative effort is the establishment of the Namibian Open Learning Network (NOLNeT). This article gives an overview of this collaborative effort amongst the four Namibian publicly-funded institutions.
Fraud and SMEs in Namibia: Cultural reflections.
(NUST., 2003) Maliti, Paul
Fraud comprises both the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal financial advantage, and intentional misrepresentation affecting financial statements. Fraud is motivated by many factors, the main one being the greed in man or egoism. Many organisations tend to regard fraud as an external threat, committed by external criminal gangs against the organization (e.g. the common cheque and credit card frauds), instead of concentrating on internal threat, i.e. fraud committed by management and employees or conspiracies between internal and external forces. This paper discusses fraud in Namibia in relation to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The survey is confined to items as reported in the press since obtaining information from either the victims or the fraudsters not only requires funding (which is not readily available) but is also a very difficult task indeed. The analysis is therefore on the following lines: Types of fraud; Motivation for fraud; Methods used; Types of victims; Types of fraudsters; and Amounts involved, wherever possible to quantify. The paper concludes by indicating common areas of weakness while recommending: Possible protective measures and; Areas for future research.
A managerial model of distance education for the NUST.
(2003) Keyter, Charles
Due to the fact that not all learning can be provided through formal education on campus or schools, colleges and institutions of higher education, distance education has become a viable alternative. In this regard we have seen a rapid expansion of distance education programmes at traditional face-to-face institutions, becoming dual mode institutions. Therefore, if students are to learn on the distance education mode, they need effective educational and administrative support. This implies that the management approach used by dual mode institutions will differ from conventional face-to-face institutions. The aim of this paper is to identify a managerial distance education model for the NUST. In order to develop a managerial distance education model, a distinction will be made between the macro and micro management level of distance education management. Each of these levels will be discussed in terms of certain distance education criteria identified. The current distance education model will be evaluated against the normative distance education model identified. The paper will be concluded in terms of a number of recommendations made to improve the current distance education situation at the NUST.
Good corporate governance - Enhancing increased accountability and entrepreneurship in Namibia.
(NUST., 2003) Boamah, Kofi
"Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is viewed as a major stimulus to economic growth in developing countries" (Ama, 2003). The establishment of sound corporate governance in the public and private sector is, therefore, pivotal to Namibia attracting the essential FDI it needs to augment its economic growth. Of course, there may be often equally significant factors such as tax holidays and various investment incentives, that entice foreign investment and support economic growth. Inappropriate governance is unlikely to sway investors' decisions to bring in international resources on a sustainable basis. Good corporate governance will enable Namibia to put in place the financial infrastructure, strengthen the banking systems, develop proper capital markets by accelerating the pace of privatization and broadening the domestic investor base, formulate an appropriate regulatory framework and liberal investment regime, reform the judiciary system and contain corruption. These are the answers to the question of accountability that enhance the promotion of entrepreneurship in an economy. This paper explores the concept of corporate governance in Namibia, how accountability on the part of business leaders, companies and industries will lead to trust and support of stakeholders;and the promotion of entrepreneurship that will provide the economic growth so desperately needed to emancipate the people from economic desperation and the doldrums.
Ethics and values - Are they forgotten in our work place, community and society?
(2003) Asemota, O. O.
Throughout history, every human society has had its norms and values that its members obey to sustain its smooth existence. When people deviate from these norms, the society is in decadence. In the traditional society, hard work, respect for others and their belongings, the protection of one‟s dignity and name and that of one‟s family, honesty, constitute the basic ingredients of morality. As can be observed in the society of today, morality has been on the decline. This present generation is fast putting the ethics of life off shore giving way to immorality, violence, unethical practices that each day seems to say “I have come to stay” defiantly in the face of our wide spreading religion. Patterns of behaviour that were universally deemed to be morally unacceptable (both in the society, work place, or community) are today being vigorously promoted as viable alternatives. This is most evident in the area of sexual behaviour of men and women (child abuse), corruption in high places, misappropriation of assets, just to mention a few of the unethical behaviour. This paper attempts to evaluate the causes of unethical behaviour and its attendant consequences within the society. More specifically, this paper will address the possible strategies that can be put in place to ensure decorum in the conduct of business and general behaviour. The paper further examines the roles expected from the following key players in the society: the family, religious organizations, professional bodies that regulate the conduct of business practices, governments, non-governmental organizations, schools and counsellors.
Determinants of foreign direct investment: Theory and evidence, with Zambia as case study.
(NUST., 2003) Mooya, Manya M.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) constitutes a resource flow which is widely considered particularly useful for the economic development of developing countries. This resource has however, proved elusive for countries in Africa, despite widespread moves to liberalise investment regimes and offer attractive incentives. This paper reviews the determinants of FDI in the light of empirical evidence and using Zambia as a case study. Using Dunning's Eclectic Paradigm as an analytic framework, the paper shows that there are location specific variables which tend to constrain the inward flow of FDI into Zambia
A normative distance education management model for dual mode institutions.
(Administratio Publica, 2003) Keyter, Charles; Schwella, Erwin
Due to the fact that not all learning can be provided through formal education on campus at schools, colleges and institutions of higher education, distance education has become a viable alternative. In this regard we have seen a rapid expansion of distance education programmes at traditional face-to-face institutions, becoming dual mode institutions. Therefore, if students are to learn on the distance education mode, they need effective educational and administrative support. This implies that the management approach used by dual mode institutions differ from conventional face-to-face institutions. The aim of this paper is to identify a normative distance education management model, which can be used in evaluating current distance education management models in operation. In order to develop a normative distance education management model, the open systems framework is used because it provides a bridge between the general managerial work and the key management issues as they relate to distance education institutions. The management functions related to distance education is identified and briefly explained. This paper concludes that the biggest challenge in the management of distance education institutions is that they remain flexible and innovative in their approach to student needs.
Black entrepreneurship in the real estate sector in Namibia: Constraints and prospects.
(NUST., 2003) Mooya, Manya M.
Real estate offers a number of opportunities for entrepreneurial activity, notably in the areas of esatate agency, real estate development and consultancy services such as valuation. The real estate sector is particularly attractive to entrepreneurs because of relatively low start up capital requirements and the potential for huge returns in relatively short times. The world over is replete with examples of real estate tycoons. Thirteen years after independence, a cursory examination of the real estate sector shows that Black Namibians have not taken advantage of the opportunities available in this sector in any significant way. This is most evident in the estate agency business, where historically, White firms dominate, and in valuation services. In fact Namibia has not even a single private real estate valuation firm operating in the country and has to rely on external consultants. This paper examines the constraints which militate against increased Black participation in the real estate sector in Namibia. Focussing on estate agency and property valuation services, it shows that there are institutional, regulatory and other factors which work against Black participation in the real estate sector. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which this state of affairs can be improved.
Juvenile justice in Namibia: Law reform towards reconciliation and restorative justice?
(Restorative Justice Online., 2003) Schulz, Stefan; Hamutenya, Marthinus
Namibia is a newly independent nation, which in the wake of colonial oppression and foreign rule has yet to develop a comprehensive juvenile justice system. The current criminal justice system is informed by stereotyped common sense concepts of ‘criminality’ and ‘the criminal’. Simplistic views undergirded by utilitarian arguments have put Namibia at odds with international instruments, such as the United Nations Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and the Convention on the Rights of Children (CRC), which have embraced a holistic perspective on juvenile crime and deviance. In the spirit of ‘Ubuntu’, a frame of mind prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, which relates to a specific communal approach to the notion of people, Namibia has set forth to establish a restorative juvenile justice system. This endeavor has led to the drafting of the Child Justice Bill, which is under scrutiny in this article. The authors highlight the arguments behind the most important parts of the draft Bill, and assess the merits of the proposed law against the backdrop of international legal instruments and law reform projects of other countries.
Managing human capital for optimum performance.
(2004) Asemota, O. O.
People undoubtedly constitute the most valuable asset in any enterprise be it public or private. Until we acknowledge that the expert in any particular job is most often the person performing it, we shall forever limit the potential of that person in terms of both his contribution to the organisation and his personal development. Man, as one of the 5Ms of factors of production, (machines, materials, money and management of time) plays the role of a hub, without which the organisation cannot function effectively. Faced with rapid change that pervades business environment, organisations need to develop a more focused, dynamic and coherent approach to managing its human resources. Managing the human capital of any enterprise requires a complex and effective utilization of both human and material resources. It is against this background that this paper will examine how people are managed for desired results. This paper further examines the paradigm shift in the roles (past, present and the future) of Human Resource practitioners in the management of people for optimum results. Literature reviewed, so far, maintained that managing people for optimum performance is a sine qua non. Most specifically, this paper will address strategies put in place by forward looking organisations to ensure that right employees are acquired, maintained and discharged in such a way that they bring returns on investments, not only to the enterprise but to themselves and community at large. A further review of managing human resource diversity is highly recommended.
Impacts of inflation on Namibian growth: An empirical study.
(Asian Network for Scientific Information (ANSNET), 2004) Ogbokor, Cyril A.
The impact of inflation on growth performance through a case study of Namibia is analysed in the article. The methodology involves estimating a general model, which provides for capturing the impact of inflation as well as imported inflation interactively with economic openness on economic growth. The sample period runs from 1991 - 2001. The research found that economic growth reacted in a predictable fashion to changes in the regressors employed in the study. The results obtained from the study also refelects the conventional thinking in the literature that, ceteris paribus, the growth impact of inflation can be counter productive, especially if not controlled. The study recommends appropriate anti-inflationary measures for the Namibian economy. A further study on how to minimize the negative repurcussion of inflation on the economy of Namibia is highly recommended.

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