ILLH-Institute for Land, Livelihoods and Housing
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Item The cost of land registration: A case study of cost efficiency in Namibia.(Taylor & Francis, 2003) De Vries, Walter; Lewis, Joe; Georgiadou, Y.In the light of the global discussion on reducing public and private expenditure on cadastral processes and services, this article reviews the transaction costs of land registration, based on data gathered in Namibia. The data show a large differentiation in the types of costs incurred in the process, as well as various levels of cost recovery. In addition, the degree to which delays in the operational registration processes influence the total cost to land developers and landowners is reviewed.Item Optical remote sensing in support of eutrophication monitoring in the southern North Sea.(European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL)., 2004) De Cauwer, Vera; Ruddick, Kevin; Park, Young-Je; Nechad, Bouchra; Kyramarios, MichaelSpring mean and maximum chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations are main factors to determine the eutrophication status of the Belgian waters as agreed within OSPAR in 2002. Other important assessment parameters to measure the degree of nutrient enrichment - the amounts of inorganic phosphate and nitrogen in winter - appeared to be above thresholds for most measurements performed in the period 1974-2002. As the standard in situ monitoring programme does not give a clear picture of the temporal and spatial distribution of chl a, it is logical to complement these measurements with optical remote sensing. However, chlorophyll concentrations derived from sensors such as SeaWiFS are unreliable in the Case 2 waters of this region because of high particulate and dissolved yellow substance absorption. Another important limitation of ocean colour sensors is the amount of useful images due to cloud cover. The combination of data from different ocean colour sensors in order to enable a better temporal coverage might be hampered by the different chlorophyll retrieval algorithms used. This study compares different global chl a algorithms (MODIS, SeaWiFS, MERIS) as well as a turbid water algorithm for the Southern North Sea. This is done by running the different algorithms on in situ reflectance spectra collected at 107 stations in the period 2001-2002 over the Southern North Sea and comparing them with in situ chl a concentrations, as well as by running the algorithms on a MERIS image of the 29th of July 2002. Based on this validation the accuracy of these products and their suitability for eutrophication monitoring in the Southern North Sea are assessed.Item Assessing potential to produce final ocean colour maps of Namibia`s marine environment: Final report for BCLME/UNOPS PCU/POLYTECH/05/01 MODIS.(Benguela Curent Large Marine Ecosystem Programme (BCLME)., 2006) De Cauwer, VeraItem Seaborne measurements of near infrared water-leaving reflectance: The similarity spectrum for turbid waters.(American Society of Luminology and Oceanography, 2006) Ruddick, Kevin; De Cauwer, Vera; Park, Young-Je; Moore, GeraldTheory and seaborne measurements are presented for the near infrared (NIR: 700–900 nm) water-leaving reflectance in turbid waters. According to theory, the shape of the NIR spectrum is determined largely by pure water absorption and is thus almost invariant. A ‘‘similarity’’ NIR reflectance spectrum is defined by normalization at 780 nm. This spectrum is calculated from seaborne reflectance measurements and is compared with that derived from laboratory water absorption measurements. Factors influencing the shape of the similarity spectrum are analyzed theoretically and by radiative transfer simulations. These simulations show that the similarity spectrum is valid for waters ranging from moderately turbid (e.g., water-leaving reflectance at 780 nm of order 1024 or total suspended matter concentration of order 0.3 g m23) to extremely turbid (e.g., reflectance at 780 nm of order 1021 or total suspended matter of order 200 g m23). Measurement uncertainties are analyzed, and the air-sea interface correction is shown to be critical for low reflectances. Applications of the NIR similarity spectrum to atmospheric correction of ocean color data and to the quality control of seaborne, airborne, and spaceborne reflectance measurements in turbid waters are outlined.Item Mapping of the BCLME shoreline, shallow water & marine habitats: Physical mapping project.(Benguela Environment Fisheries Interaction & Training Programme (BENEFIT), Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) Programme, 2007) De Cauwer, VeraItem Are urban land tenure regulations in Namibia the solution or the problem?(Taylor & Francis, 2009) De Vries, Walter; Lewis, JoeLand tenure in Namibia is regulated by a variety of Acts, some of which date back to as far as 1937, and some of which are yet to be approved by Cabinet. This variety of Acts makes it difficult to evaluate the performance of land administration as a whole, and the appropriateness of coercive instruments with regards to urban land tenure in particular. In this article we evaluate how urban land tenure regularization practices are conducted in Namibia, and to compare new formal procedures, designed to address problems of efficiency and efficacy, to older existing procedures, supposedly not efficient or effective. This evaluation uses a theoretical framework of (Pritchett and Woolcock, 2004) , which deals with public service delivery and transaction-intensive services. Applying this framework for a comparative analysis of 5 different land subdivision practices – each relying on a different land-related act - we conclude that the degree of regulation and regularization is perhaps not so much a solution for urban land tenure problems but perhaps more of a problem in itself.Item Balancing the technical and social contexts of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI).(NUST, 2011) Nangolo, Esther N.One special characteristic of spatial data is that they can be shared to be used for many purposes other than the one for which they were initially produced. To facilitate their efficient sharing and reuse, they need to be properly managed in the form of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). This study argues that developing a successful SDI must be seen as a socio-technical, rather than a purely technical exercise. It urges that SDI practitioners need to understand the significance of human and societal issues as much as technical issues, all of which contribute to the successful implementation of SDI.Item The future Okavango project: SP05 - Impacts of altered land use practises on the plant related ESF&S. TFO fieldwork report 2010 - 2012 for task 6 of SP05: Timber provision of Burkea Woodlands(2013) De Cauwer, VeraThis short field work report gives an overview of the forest inventory work done during the first two years of The Future Okavango (TFO) project, a project implemented till 2015 and funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research. TFO aims to integrate ecosystem functions and services into an ecological and economic approach to sustainable land management at a regional scale. Forest assessments are part of subproject 5 of TFO, which focuses on the vegetation in the Okavango basin of Angola, Namibia and Botswana. Objectives include : (1) qualitative and quantitative assessment and valuation of the plant based ecosystem functions and services, (2) a functional analysis of important aspects of the multiple interdependence between ecosystem compartments and drivers of change, (3) the study of the projection of current trends with regard to possible scenarios and their cumulative consequences, (4) the study of the potential for regional improvement given by the spatiotemporal composition and patterns of different land use options with the involved trade-offs and synergies.Item Manual for working with MODIS images in SeaDAS 6.2.(2013) De Cauwer, VeraThis manual was written for the students of the School of Natural Resources and Tourism, NUST during the pilot project “Assessing potential to produce final Ocean Colour maps of Namibia’s marine environment”, which is supported by the BCLME Programme and the NUST. The manual is written for students working with the SeaDAS software on the Linux computer of the Department of Land Management (operating system is Fedora Core 10) or the version of SeaDAS which can be installed in Windows through a virtual application Vmware player (seadasva). The images used are MODIS Aqua provided by NASA (HDF version 4 format).Item Potential, realised, future distribution and environmental suitability for pterocarpus angolensis DC in southern Africa.(ScienceDirect, 2014) De Cauwer, Vera; Muys, Bart; Revermann, Rasmus; Trabucco, AntonioThe deciduous tree species Pterocarpus angolensis occurs in the dry woodlands of southern Africa and grows under a broad range of environmental conditions. It is threatened by overharvesting due to its valuable timber (Blood wood, Kiaat) and by land use changes. Information on the most suitable environmental conditions for the species is often old and anecdotal, while available data on its occurrence refer to range extent and not to distribution. Species distribution models (SDM) could provide more accurate information on distribution and environmental requirements and thereby assist sustainable management of this tree species. Maxent models were developed to estimate the potential, realised and future distribution of P. angolensis and to identify detailed environmental requirements. Occurrences data of the species were sourced from herbaria and other published sources; environmental data from global GIS databases. Relevant environmental predictors were selected through a jack-knife test of the first model runs. The addition of information on competing species, fires and deforestation was tested to determine realised distribution. Model quality was evaluated with an independent presence-absence dataset. The model was projected with two different climate change scenarios to study their effect on the distribution by 2080. Results show that a potential distribution map can be obtained with good discrimination of the presence of the species (AUC 0.83) and fairly good calibration (correlation coefficient 0.61). Range extent and environmental requirements are more detailed than those described in literature. The distribution of the species is mainly influenced by the amount of summer rainfall, by the minimum temperature in winter and by temperature seasonality. Potential and realised distributions are very similar, with Madagascar as major exception where the species can grow but does not occur. Adding the fire history of the last 13 years or the distribution maps of potentially competing species as predictor variables did not improve the distribution model. It did illustrate that P.angolensis is mainly found in areas with annual fire frequency below 45% and that only a few of the tested species show signs of competition. Using a forest cover map improved the realised distribution slightly (Kappa coefficient 0.64). Climate change can decrease the species range considerably, especially in the west, threatening species existence in Namibia and Botswana. On the other hand, the species’ occurrence is predicted to increase in Zambia.Item 25 years of land reform(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2015) Wolfgang, WernerThe Land, Livelihoods and Housing Programme aims at deepening and expanding the focus on these three key issues in Namibia. This thematic approach seeks to reflect the wide-ranging skills exiting at the FNRSS, and was developed to guide ILMI’s activities during the 2014-18 period. The programme is organised in four aspects: institutional, environmental, fiscal and spatial processes.Item 25 Years of Land Reform(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2015) Werner, WolfgangThe Land, Livelihoods and Housing Programme aims at deepening and expanding the focus on these three key issues in Namibia. This thematic approach seeks to reflect the wide-ranging skills exiting at the FNRSS, and was developed to guide ILMI’s activities during the 2014-18 period. The programme is organised in four aspects: institutional, environmental, fiscal and spatial processes.Item 25 years of land reform (ILMI Working paper No. 1).(NUST, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2015) Werner, WolfgangThis Working Paper, the first in the series to be published by ILMI, will briefly review progress in both land reform sectors and raise a few issues that continue to pose challenges to the programme.Item The new flexible land tenure act: An update [ILMI Document No. 2/2015].(NUST, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2015) Christensen, Åse.ILMI Brown bag meeting on Thursday 29th October 2015, 12h30-14h00.Item The new Flexible Land Tenure Act: an update.(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2015-10) Christensen, ÅseThe Flexible Land Tenure (FLT) system was developed by the Ministry of Lands and Resettlement and the discussions started in the period of 1992-1998. It was conceived as an alternative for the land tenure catering for low income groups. The act passed in 2012, and currently the regulations are being revised for approval.Item Applying a Problem Based Learning Approach to Land Management Education:The case of Aalborg University, Denmark(2016) Enemark, StigThis paper is work in progress and draws from previous research. The paper supports the lecture on Problem Based Learning given at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) on 3 March 2016.Item Land Reform in Namibia: A Bibliography(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2016) Werner, WolfgangILMI is delighted to publish this bibliography in its Working Paper Series. It sees this as a small contribution to encourage and facilitate research on land reform in Namibia. Perhaps more ambitiously, this bibliography may serve as a starting point to collect the titles listed in order to strengthen the resource centre on land administration and land reform.Item The Case for Adequate Housing for Teachers in Windhoek(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2016-07) Guillermo, Delgado; Lühl, PhillipThe initiative to investigate the housing situation of teachers in Namibia was triggered by teacher Gertrude Mujoro, who discussed the matter with her fellow colleagues who brought the matter to the attention of the leadership of the Teachers Union of Namibia (TUN). In 2014 the Trade Union Congress of Namibia (TUCNA), the umbrella federation that TUN belongs to, developed a document titled “TUCNA Development Policy Proposals” (TUCNA, 2014), which contains a section on housing. In line with this mandate, Mahongora Kavihuha, Secretary General of TUN and TUCNA, approached the Integrated Land Management Institute (ILMI) at the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), to establish an open collaboration around the topic. As a result, a series of workshops and discussions between teachers and ILMI staff were held to explore housing possibilities for teachers in Namibia.Item Leasehold as a Vehicle for Economic Development(Legal Assistance Centre, 2016-11) Werner, Wolfgang; Bayer, Charl-ThomItem The Flexible Land Tenure System in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals(Namibia University of Science and Technology, Integrated Land Management Institute, 2017-04) Christensen, ÅseThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether the Flexible Land Tenure System (FLTS) in Namibia is in line with the Fit-For-Purpose (FFP) land administration approach which is developed in order to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at national and local level in developing countries by providing tenure security to poor people and creating country-wide land recordation systems. The FFP approach is based on a Minimum Viable Product focusing on the specific local tenure security needs, flexibility on survey accuracy, legal and institutional frameworks and an incremental improvement as a foundation for further development. The study is based on a literature study of the SDGs, the FFP approach and the FLTS in Namibia. The literature study is based on contemporary theories on land administration and how access to tenure security can contribute to poverty alleviation. The study indicates that certain elements of the FLTS are complying with the characteristics of the FFP approach and thus has potential to contribute to fulfilling the SDGs in Namibia. There is however a need for further in-depth academic research.