Ounongo Repository
The Ounongo Repository (OR) is the institutional repository of Namibia University of Science and Technology. Ounongo means "knowledge. in the Oshiwambo and Otjiherero languages. The OR is administered by the Library, with technical assistance from DICT, and its aim is to collect, organize, manage, store, preserve, publish and make accessible worldwide, the knowledge assets or intellectual output of the University's researchers, staff and post-graduate students. Users may set up RSS feeds to be alerted to new content.
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Recent Submissions
Design of a Model for Augmenting Digital Forensics into Information System Audit in The Financial Sector
(Namibia University of Science and Technology, 2024-09) Iipumbu, Ericky
Audits of information systems demonstrate whether IT controls are effective in protecting company property, ensuring data integrity, and aligning with the organisation's overarching objectives. Information System auditors evaluate all components of financial and business controls, including information technology systems and physical and logical security protocols. As long as cyberattacks continue to occur in the financial sector, it is increasingly important to take robust measures to ensure the integrity and security of information systems. New models that incorporate digital forensics methods into the audit process have emerged as a result of the fact that traditional audit processes frequently fail to meet evolving objectives. Based on the findings of a systematic literature review that demonstrated that the evidence-gathering techniques employed in information system audits are inadequate for assessing the efficacy of internal controls, this study proposes a model that integrates digital forensics into information system auditing that was designed using Design Science Research techniques. The model is envisaged to improve the information system auditing process by augmenting digital forensics processes into information system auditing. The model incorporates key digital forensic components embedded into audit procedures to enhance the accuracy and reliability of evidence collection, ensure the integrity and authenticity of digital evidence, and facilitate a more detailed analysis of audit data. The inclusion of these digital forensic techniques is essential for addressing complex cyber threats and fraud within the financial sector, providing auditors with robust tools to conduct more thorough and defensible investigations, and ensuring compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements. In summary, the proposed approach offers a structured approach to the integration of digital forensic methodologies into the auditing process and establishes guidelines, in a manner that ensures audit opinions for information systems auditors are unqualified rather than qualified and disclaimer.
Examining The Influence of Facebook and Whatsapp as Sources of News Among Youth in Katima Mulilo, Namibia
(Namibia University of Science and Technology, 2024-07-09) MUSHAUKWA, ARON
The influence and impact of social media as sources of news can no longer be ignored. None should turn a blind eye to how it has captured the imagination of young people, who are the majority users of social media. It is crucial to understand that social media has transformed the landscape of information dissemination. Offering unprecedented access, speed, and interaction on a global scale. It has also democratised access to knowledge, empowering individuals to seek and share information instantly across borders and culture. This study explored the influence of Facebook & WhatsApp as sources of news among youth in Katima Mulilo in the Zambezi Region of Namibia. The study found out that social media evokes the feelings of young people and opens their mind to wider understanding of things. Facebook in particular, allows them to participate in deliberations and discussions, and to share their opinions on various news issues. The data collected and analysed indicate that young people in Katima Mulilo see Facebook and WhatsApp as vital sources of news, connecting, networking and communication, and breaks barriers as it is faster and provides instant news regardless of where one is. The study recommends that media organisations should actively engage with young people on their social media pages, by proactively proving access to news at all times. The study further recommends to local news outlets to open WhatsApp channels in order provide unhindered link to their Facebook pages and websites.
Investigating NBC television coverage of Low-Income Housing: A case study of the Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia
(Namibia University of Science and Technology, 2021-12) Shuunyuni,Hendrina
The coverage of low-income housing in television news is a critical area influencing public perception
and policymaking. This thesis examines the television (TV) coverage of low-income housing, focusing
on the Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia (SDFN). Previous research highlights that media,
particularly TV, plays a vital role in shaping social and political discourse. However, there is a
noticeable gap in the representation and accurate reportage of low-income housing issues, which
remains underexplored and often biased towards wealthier narratives. One of the main challenges
identified is the inadequate and sometimes biased media coverage of low-income housing issues,
which leads to misinformed public perception and ineffective policymaking. This lack of accurate
representation fails to address the SDFN's and its constituents' systemic challenges, perpetuating
social and economic inequalities. To address these challenges, the study adopts a qualitative research
methodology involving in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and content analysis. The
research involves participants from the SDFN, TV news reporters from Namibia Broadcasting
Corporation (NBC), and members of low-income communities. The study uses agenda-setting and
framing theories to analyse how television news reports on low-income housing and the impact of
these reports on public perception and policy. The findings reveal that TV news coverage significantly
impacts the livelihoods of the SDFN members by shaping public opinion and policy decisions. The study
uncovers instances of media bias, where the plight of low-income housing is either underreported or
misrepresented. The results highlight the need for more balanced and inclusive reporting practices.
Furthermore, the research identifies strategies to improve TV news reportage, including training
programs for journalists, strategic communications partnerships between government agencies and
media, and fostering collaborative efforts between NGOs and media outlets. The academic impact of
this research lies in its contribution to media studies and housing policy research, particularly in the
context of developing countries like Namibia. Socio-economically, the findings could lead to enhanced
public awareness, better-informed policy decisions, and improved living conditions for low-income
communities. The research calls for immediate action to address media biases and enhance the
representation of low-income housing issues in television news. This will benefit the shack dwellers
and contribute to developing more equitable housing policies and practices.
Capacity of Old-Age Homes to Meet the Needs of Older Persons in Namibia: Analysis of Quality and Care Gaps
(International Journal of Sub-Saharan African Research (IJSSAR), 2025-12) Haufiku-Weyulu, Mouyelele; Mahalie, Roswitha; Aku-Akai, Larai
Background: The population of older persons is increasing, while the Traditional Joint Family System (TJFS) is declining, often leaving older persons isolated and vulnerable. This may increase the demand for old-age homes, underscoring the need to understand the capacity and limitations of these facilities in Namibia.
Objectives: This study evaluated the capacity of old age homes to accommodate the needs of Namibia's older population aged 60 years and above in three selected regions of Namibia.
Methods: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study, utilising a checklist to assess the old-age homes and interview guides for the social workers and heads of facilities. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 30 at significance (P < 0.05). Qualitative data were analysed manually and presented in themes.
Results: Old age homes in Namibia are scarce, urban-concentrated, and operating at (or near) full capacity. Private old-age homes are generally better resourced and rated, while public homes are lower-cost but face significant deficits in infrastructure, staffing, and accessibility. The voices of key informants highlight chronic funding shortfalls, transportation issues, and the need for renovations and additional staff.
Conclusion: There is an insufficiency of old-age homes, and disparities exist in facilities between publicly and privately run homes.
Unique Contribution: This study is one of the current Namibian triangulated analyses that link structural capacity, and staff perspectives in both the public and private old-age homes. It addresses a reported evidence gap in institutional long-term care in Namibia and offers context-specific insights to the broader literature on ageing and residential care.
Key Recommendation: The study recommends a phased expansion and decentralisation of old-age homes, prioritising the need for attention to the northern regions, alongside targeted investment to upgrade public old-age homes and strengthen regulatory oversight.
SOCIAL MEDIA SENTIMENT ANALYSIS FOR TOURISM PROMOTION IN NAMIBIA
(Namibia University of Science and Technology, 2025-08-12) Shoowa, Johannes.
The rapid evolution of the Internet and advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) have drastically changed how consumers share experiences and opinions, particularly in the tourism industry. Specialised social media platforms such as TripAdvisor now serve as primary channels through which tourists express their views via Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), significantly influencing the decisions of potential visitors. Despite Namibia’s growing reputation as a tourist destination, there has been limited exploration into how tourists' opinions shared on specialised social media platforms can be systematically analysed to inform marketing strategies. Existing work in sentiment analysis has proven its value across multiple sectors, but its application within the tourism industry, particularly in Namibia, remains underexplored. This research builds upon previous studies that have utilised artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for sentiment classification and prediction but innovates by applying these techniques specifically to tourism promotion in Namibia.
This study investigates the application of sentiment analysis, utilising AI and machine learning techniques, to enhance tourism promotion in Namibia. Data was scraped from TripAdvisor, a specialised social media review platform, using Instant Data Scraper. Relevant reviews were filtered to retain only those directly related to Namibian tourism. Data pre-processing included cleaning, tokenisation, stopword removal, and standardisation to prepare the text for sentiment classification. Sentiment analysis was then conducted using Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, namely the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) and the RoBERTa model from Hugging Face. These tools were employed to classify user-generated content into positive, negative, and neutral sentiment categories to facilitate analysis.
The results from this study reveal insightful trends in tourist perceptions. Positive sentiments frequently highlight Namibia’s natural beauty, wildlife, and unique cultural experiences as standout attractions. In contrast, negative sentiments often relate to issues such as inconsistent service quality, poor infrastructure in remote areas, and occasional dissatisfaction with customer service. These insights not only validate the value of applying sentiment analysis in this context but also uncover specific areas that require attention for improvement.
These findings, specifically the positive perceptions of Namibia’s natural attractions and the negative feedback on service quality and infrastructure, can help tourism stakeholders craft targeted, data-driven marketing strategies. Additionally, a strategy that addresses areas of concern while amplifying the country's strengths can enhance Namibia's appeal as a top travel destination and contribute to the sustainable growth of its tourism industry.